For individuals whose seizures are not well-controlled with medications, surgical options may be considered. Resective Surgery involves removing the area of the brain where seizures originate. It is most effective for patients with focal epilepsy, where seizures are localized to one part of the brain. Common procedures include temporal lobectomy and lesionectomy. Corpus Callosotomy involves severing the corpus callosum, the part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres. It is usually reserved for severe cases where seizures spread rapidly from one hemisphere to the other. In extreme cases, particularly in children with severe epilepsy that affects one hemisphere of the brain, a hemispherectomy (removal or disconnection of one hemisphere) may be performed. This is a highly specialized procedure and is considered when other treatments have failed.
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